Radiation oncology is the branch of clinical medicine that uses ionizing radiation either alone or with in combination with other modalities, for the treatment of patients with malignant or other diseases.

Radiation oncology can be practiced as an independent oncological specialty, or it may be integrated into the broader medical practice of oncology.

Radiation oncology includes responsibility for the diagnosis, treatment, follow up and support and care of the cancer patient as an integral part of the multidisciplinary management of patients.